-from the tennis magazine issue
To raise your game in 2007, start with our four-step battle plan.
By John F. Murray
Imagine you wanted to construct a house. Would you succeed if you began driving nails into stacks of two-by-fours without a blueprint? Not likely. But that’s how many of us go about our tennis. We want to build better strokes, but when we get on the court we hit balls with little or no purpose. Then we wonder why our games stay the same year after year.
Just as a builder must have a plan before undertaking a construction project, you need one to take your tennis game to the next level. The surest way, as many of the best players know, is to use the power of goal-setting. Goal setting helps you break big goals into smaller, easier-to-reach targets while keeping the larger aim in focus. It’s an effective tool for improving, and I’ve employed it successfully with players of all levels. Here’s how, in four easy steps, you can use goal setting to jump-start your game this year.
1. LAY THE GROUNDWORK
Before we get into the nuts and bolts of goal-setting, let’s talk about the mind-set that I think makes achievement more likely. First, ask yourself two questions:
Do you play tennis primarily to achieve success or to avoid failure?
If you play mainly to avoid losing, you’ll be more anxious and less confident in your practices and matches, which will interfere with even your best-laid plans. It’s more helpful to take a positive view of achievement and pursue success by focusing on what you want to accomplish, while de-emphasizing thoughts of failure.
Do you play tennis to show superiority over your opponent or to improve your skills and get to the next level?
If you take the second approach, you’re “task-involved.” Task-involved athletes are motivated by internal reasons such as fun or pride rather than by external rewards such as recognition. They tend to be more persistent than others in performance situations. They set goals to master skills.
Those who adopt the first approach are “ego-involved.” These players define their performance in comparison with others. This appears to work best only when you’re completely confi dent of your abilities and not threatened by the possibility of losing. Unfortunately, many ego-involved athletes also avoid challenging situations that might otherwise take them to a higher level. Try to adopt a positive approach toward achievement that allows you to pursue success without thinking about failure, and a task-based rather than ego-based mind-set that emphasizes skill improvement.
2. ADOPT SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES
Place performance above winning.
Everybody wants to win, but, ironically, thinking about winning during a match makes it less likely to happen. Winning or losing is only decided after the fi nal point, so concentrating on this in advance distracts you from what you want—performance in the present. Another problem with outcome-based thinking is that it raises anxiety, either when things don’t go well or when you’re close to victory and hoping not to let your lead slip. It’s wiser to keep your focus on the raw ingredients of performance that lead to long-term success and improvement, such as good footwork, relaxed play, strong ground strokes, and first-serve accuracy.
Choose excellence over perfection.
High achievers often fall into the trap of thinking they must be perfect. This is counterproductive. Those rigidly committed to perfection almost always find themselves disappointed and discouraged. While perfection is impossible, excellence is attainable.
Embrace competition.
I admired Jimmy Connors in my youth as perhaps the best example of positive fighting spirit. Learn to look forward to the joy and thrill of competition, and learn to love the chance to play in front of others. Find opponents who are near your ability level or slightly better and never walk away from a challenge.
3. PLAN IT OUT
Now it’s time to start making your tennis goals for 2007. So get out a notepad and a pen or fi re up your computer and open your word-processing program. The first thing you want to do is take a look at your game and analyze how well you play, mentally as well as physically. (You might ask your local pro, or someone who knows your game well, for an objective viewpoint.)
As you do this, consider the different kinds of goals you can set for yourself:
Process goals are specific things you’d like to do during matches or training, such as hitting against a backboard three times a week.
Performance goals have some measurable standard associated with them, like reducing your number of unforced errors by 10 each match.
Outcome goals focus on a competitive result such as winning a match or a tournament.
Place most of your emphasis on process and performance goals, and only a small portion of your focus on outcome goals. Once you’ve created an inventory, list your top fi ve goals for the next 12 months. Evaluate the fi ve you’ve listed. Are they realistic? Aiming for a spot on the pro tour is probably not the wisest choice. But going from 3.0 to 3.5 on the NTRP scale or improving your league record are very possible. From this list, select one or two that can be achieved over the next 12 months. These are your long-term goals.
Next, list fi ve supporting goals that will help you accomplish each long-term goal. For example, to jump up to the 3.5 level two of your supporting goals might be to reduce your unforced errors and beef up your backhand. Next, break the year into three-month periods and decide what needs to be done in each period to reach each of your supporting goals; record these steps on goal-setting sheets. For example, you might try to reduce your unforced errors by five per match, with the target of lowering your unforced errors by 20 per match over the year. And to shore up your backhand, a quarterly goal might be to commit to taking six lessons for your backhand and do backhand-specific drills in practice 12 times. Having a specific goal and striving to attain it will help you focus on your bigger objectives. Break things down further by laying out monthly goals that will get you to your quarterly goals. For example, your monthly performance goal might be to strive for one or two fewer unforced errors each match. With that in mind, your monthly process goal might be to arrange for two lessons and set up four practice sessions. If you want, you can keep going and make weekly and daily goals so you’ve broken everything down into small steps.
Once you’ve gone through the entire process you’ll have a blueprint for success for your year and all you’ll have to do is concentrate on the little things and watch them add up.
But it’s important to review your goals frequently and be flexible with them. Many people get discouraged and quit striving for their goals after the fi rst setback. Reevaluate your goals every two weeks and adjust them as needed to maintain the challenge. If you reach all of your goals too early, you’ll need to set higher ones.
But if you’re constantly disappointed in your attempts, you need to set more realistic goals. There’s no shame in decreasing the difficulty level of your objectives.
4. FORM A TEAM
The most common reason that people fail to reach their tennis goals is that they get discouraged early on and quit. This happens to everybody, and it’s especially true if you try to do it all by yourself. Build a support team that will help you stick with it. Tell your local teaching pro and your practice partners what you want to achieve and enlist their help and encouragement.
To raise your game in 2007, start with our four-step battle plan.
By John F. Murray
Imagine you wanted to construct a house. Would you succeed if you began driving nails into stacks of two-by-fours without a blueprint? Not likely. But that’s how many of us go about our tennis. We want to build better strokes, but when we get on the court we hit balls with little or no purpose. Then we wonder why our games stay the same year after year.
Just as a builder must have a plan before undertaking a construction project, you need one to take your tennis game to the next level. The surest way, as many of the best players know, is to use the power of goal-setting. Goal setting helps you break big goals into smaller, easier-to-reach targets while keeping the larger aim in focus. It’s an effective tool for improving, and I’ve employed it successfully with players of all levels. Here’s how, in four easy steps, you can use goal setting to jump-start your game this year.
1. LAY THE GROUNDWORK
Before we get into the nuts and bolts of goal-setting, let’s talk about the mind-set that I think makes achievement more likely. First, ask yourself two questions:
Do you play tennis primarily to achieve success or to avoid failure?
If you play mainly to avoid losing, you’ll be more anxious and less confident in your practices and matches, which will interfere with even your best-laid plans. It’s more helpful to take a positive view of achievement and pursue success by focusing on what you want to accomplish, while de-emphasizing thoughts of failure.
Do you play tennis to show superiority over your opponent or to improve your skills and get to the next level?
If you take the second approach, you’re “task-involved.” Task-involved athletes are motivated by internal reasons such as fun or pride rather than by external rewards such as recognition. They tend to be more persistent than others in performance situations. They set goals to master skills.
Those who adopt the first approach are “ego-involved.” These players define their performance in comparison with others. This appears to work best only when you’re completely confi dent of your abilities and not threatened by the possibility of losing. Unfortunately, many ego-involved athletes also avoid challenging situations that might otherwise take them to a higher level. Try to adopt a positive approach toward achievement that allows you to pursue success without thinking about failure, and a task-based rather than ego-based mind-set that emphasizes skill improvement.
2. ADOPT SOME BASIC PRINCIPLESPlace performance above winning.
Everybody wants to win, but, ironically, thinking about winning during a match makes it less likely to happen. Winning or losing is only decided after the fi nal point, so concentrating on this in advance distracts you from what you want—performance in the present. Another problem with outcome-based thinking is that it raises anxiety, either when things don’t go well or when you’re close to victory and hoping not to let your lead slip. It’s wiser to keep your focus on the raw ingredients of performance that lead to long-term success and improvement, such as good footwork, relaxed play, strong ground strokes, and first-serve accuracy.
Choose excellence over perfection.
High achievers often fall into the trap of thinking they must be perfect. This is counterproductive. Those rigidly committed to perfection almost always find themselves disappointed and discouraged. While perfection is impossible, excellence is attainable.
Embrace competition.
I admired Jimmy Connors in my youth as perhaps the best example of positive fighting spirit. Learn to look forward to the joy and thrill of competition, and learn to love the chance to play in front of others. Find opponents who are near your ability level or slightly better and never walk away from a challenge.
3. PLAN IT OUT
Now it’s time to start making your tennis goals for 2007. So get out a notepad and a pen or fi re up your computer and open your word-processing program. The first thing you want to do is take a look at your game and analyze how well you play, mentally as well as physically. (You might ask your local pro, or someone who knows your game well, for an objective viewpoint.)
As you do this, consider the different kinds of goals you can set for yourself:
Process goals are specific things you’d like to do during matches or training, such as hitting against a backboard three times a week.
Performance goals have some measurable standard associated with them, like reducing your number of unforced errors by 10 each match.
Outcome goals focus on a competitive result such as winning a match or a tournament.
Place most of your emphasis on process and performance goals, and only a small portion of your focus on outcome goals. Once you’ve created an inventory, list your top fi ve goals for the next 12 months. Evaluate the fi ve you’ve listed. Are they realistic? Aiming for a spot on the pro tour is probably not the wisest choice. But going from 3.0 to 3.5 on the NTRP scale or improving your league record are very possible. From this list, select one or two that can be achieved over the next 12 months. These are your long-term goals.
Next, list fi ve supporting goals that will help you accomplish each long-term goal. For example, to jump up to the 3.5 level two of your supporting goals might be to reduce your unforced errors and beef up your backhand. Next, break the year into three-month periods and decide what needs to be done in each period to reach each of your supporting goals; record these steps on goal-setting sheets. For example, you might try to reduce your unforced errors by five per match, with the target of lowering your unforced errors by 20 per match over the year. And to shore up your backhand, a quarterly goal might be to commit to taking six lessons for your backhand and do backhand-specific drills in practice 12 times. Having a specific goal and striving to attain it will help you focus on your bigger objectives. Break things down further by laying out monthly goals that will get you to your quarterly goals. For example, your monthly performance goal might be to strive for one or two fewer unforced errors each match. With that in mind, your monthly process goal might be to arrange for two lessons and set up four practice sessions. If you want, you can keep going and make weekly and daily goals so you’ve broken everything down into small steps.
Once you’ve gone through the entire process you’ll have a blueprint for success for your year and all you’ll have to do is concentrate on the little things and watch them add up.
But it’s important to review your goals frequently and be flexible with them. Many people get discouraged and quit striving for their goals after the fi rst setback. Reevaluate your goals every two weeks and adjust them as needed to maintain the challenge. If you reach all of your goals too early, you’ll need to set higher ones.
But if you’re constantly disappointed in your attempts, you need to set more realistic goals. There’s no shame in decreasing the difficulty level of your objectives.
4. FORM A TEAM
The most common reason that people fail to reach their tennis goals is that they get discouraged early on and quit. This happens to everybody, and it’s especially true if you try to do it all by yourself. Build a support team that will help you stick with it. Tell your local teaching pro and your practice partners what you want to achieve and enlist their help and encouragement.
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